英语国家概况精讲系列（十四）

　　VI. Twentieth Century

　　二十世纪

　　1. Britain and the First World War

　　英国和第一次世界大战

　　The Work War I was fought from 1914 to 1918 primarily between two European Power blocs： “the Central power”。 Germany and Austria-Hungary， and the “Allies”， Britain， France and Russia. During the war， the Britain lost much. Apart from the loss of manpower， there had been considerable disruption of the economy and society. Out of the war settlement came the establishment of the league of Nations.

　　第一次世界大战是从1914年至1918年，战争主要在两大欧洲集团间进行：“同盟国”，包括德国和奥匈帝国，和“协约国”，包括英国、法国和俄罗斯。一战中英国损失惨重。除了劳动力损失，还有巨大的经济与社会瓦解。

　　2. Britain Between the Two World Wars

　　两次世界大战期间的英国.

　　The effects of the New York Stock Market Crash of 1929 soon spread throughout Europe and by 1931 Britain was entering the Great depression.

　　1929年纽约股票交易所崩溃的影响迅速波及欧洲，到1931年英国进入经济大萧条。

　　3. Britain and the Second World War

　　英国与第二次世界大战.

　　As Adolf Hitler and Nazism showed off their aggressive momentum in Europe， Chamberlain， the Prime Minister， found his policy of appeasement of German aggression was no longer tenable， and was forced to declare war on Germany on September 3，1939.

　　当阿道夫希特勒及纳粹主义显示他们对欧洲的侵略意图时，首相张伯伦发现他的绥靖已站不住脚，只得于1939年9月3日对德宣战。

　　4. Postwar Britian.

　　战后的英国

　　（1） One of the most far-reaching consequences of the War was that it hastened the end of Britain‘s empire.

　　二战最为深远的结果之一是加速了大英帝国的瓦解。

　　（2） In 1952 Princess Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth II. Many people through television saw the ceremony.

　　1952年伊莉莎白公主加冕成为伊莉莎白女王二世。新发明的电视使许多人看到了加冕仪式的过程。

　　（4） In January 1973， Britain became a full member of the European Economic Community which was still called the Common Market in 1973. Britain witnessed the first

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